Chapter 01: Nursing and the Health Care System
Williams: Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing, 6th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Florence Nightingale’s contributions to nursing practice and education:

1. are historically important but have no validity for nursing today.
2. were neither recognized nor appreciated in her own time.
3. were a major factor in reducing the death rate in the Crimean War.
4. were limited only to the care of severe traumatic wounds.

ANS: C
By improving sanitation, nutrition ventilation, and handwashing techniques, Florence Nightingale’s nurses dramatically reduced the death rate from injuries in the Crimean War.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #1 TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A

2. Early nursing education and care in the United States:

1. were directed at community health.
2. provided independence for women through education and employment.
3. were an educational model based in institutions of higher learning.
4. have continued to be entirely focused on hospital nursing.

ANS: B
Because of the influence of early nursing leaders, nursing education became more formalized through apprenticeships in Nightingale schools that offered independence to women through education and employment.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 2 OBJ: Theory #4 TOP: Nursing History KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A

3. In order to fulfill the common goals defined by nursing theorists (promote wellness, prevent illness, facilitate coping, and restore health), the LPN must take on the roles of:

1. caregiver, educator, and collaborator.
2. nursing assistant, delegator, and environmental specialist.
3. medication dispenser, collaborator, and transporter.
4. dietitian, manager, and housekeeper.

ANS: A
In order for the LPN to apply the common goals of nursing, he or she must assume the roles of caregiver, educator, collaborator, manager, and advocate.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 3 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Art and Science of Nursing KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A

4. Although nursing theories differ in their attempts to define nursing, all of them base their beliefs on common concepts concerning:

1. self-actualization, fundamental needs, and belonging.
2. stress reduction, self-care, and a systems model.
3. curative care, restorative care, and terminal care.
4. human relationships, the environment, and health.

ANS: D
Although nursing theories differ, they all base their beliefs on human relationships, the environment, and health.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 4 OBJ: Theory #2 TOP: Nursing Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A

5. Standards of care for the nursing practice of the LPN are established by the:

1. Boards of Nursing Examiners in each state.
2. National Council of States Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).
3. American Nurses Association (ANA).
4. National Association of Licensed Practical Nurses.

ANS: D
The practical nurse follows standards written by the National Association of Licensed Practical Nurses to deliver safe, knowledgeable nursing care (Box 1.1, Appendix D)

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension TOP: Standards of Care
MSC: NCLEX: N/A

REF: p. 6 OBJ: Theory #2 KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A

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6. The LPN demonstrates an evidence-based practice by:

1. using a drug manual to check compatibility of drugs.
2. using scientific information to guide decision making.
3. using medical history of a patient to direct nursing interventions.
4. basing nursing care on advice from an experienced nurse.

ANS: B
The use of scientific information from high-quality research to guide nursing decisions is reflective of the application of evidence-based practice.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4 OBJ: Theory #3 TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A MSC: NCLEX: N/A