Test Bank For Microbiology An Evolving Science 4th Edition By Foster
ISBN-10: 0393614034, ISBN-13: 978-0393614039
CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Viruses are
| a. | infectious agents that infect exclusively multicellular organisms. |
| b. | noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus particles. |
| c. | pathogens that replicate in complex growth media. |
| d. | cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain. |
| e. | microbes that consist of lipid membrane–enclosed genomes. |
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe | 1.1b List examples of microbes
MSC: Remembering
- Analysis of DNA sequences reveals
| a. | the ancient convergence of two cell types (i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes). |
| b. | that prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell. |
| c. | that bacteria share a common ancestor with archaea but not with eukarya. |
| d. | that prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus. |
| e. | that the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs. |
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1d Explain the implications of microbial genome sequencing
MSC: Understanding
- Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
| a. | viruses | d. | protists |
| b. | bacteria | e. | filamentous fungi |
| c. | archaea | ||
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe | 1.1c Describe some problems with the definition of a microbe MSC: Understanding
- A microbe is commonly defined as a ________ that requires a microscope to be seen.
| a. | virus | d. | multicellular eukaryote |
| b. | bacterium | e. | living organism |
| c. | single-cellular prokaryote | ||
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe MSC: Remembering
- Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is FALSE?
| a. | Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to environmental change. |
| b. | Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes. |
| c. | Microbes function as individual entities. |
| d. | Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages. |
| e. | Viruses are not considered microbial cells. |
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe MSC: Understanding
- Which of the following statements is FALSE?
| a. | A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA. |
| b. | If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix nitrogen. |
| c. | By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely related they are. |
| d. | Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method. |
| e. | Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae. |
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1d Explain the implications of microbial genome sequencing
MSC: Remembering
- The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of
| a. | humans. | d. | prions. |
| b. | bacteria. | e. | fungi. |
| c. | viruses. | ||
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1d Explain the implications of microbial genome sequencing
MSC: Remembering
- The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT
| a. | ferrous iron. | d. | oxygen. |
| b. | methane. | e. | hydrogen gas. |
| c. | ammonia. | ||
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe MSC: Remembering
- The development of the theory of the “RNA world” resulted from the discovery of
| a. | archaea. | d. | ribozymes. |
| b. | prions. | e. | endosymbionts. |
| c. | bacteria. | ||
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.6
OBJ: 1.6b Explain how studies on microbes fostered our knowledge of DNA function and enhanced DNA technology MSC: Remembering
- What is the evidence that living cells existed on Earth up to 3.8 billion years ago?
| a. | microfossils | d. | Martian folded rock formations |
| b. | 16S ribosomal RNA | e. | diatom shells |
| c. | Miller and Urey’s experiments | ||
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
OBJ: 1.5a Explain why microbes can be challenging to classify taxonomically | 1.5b Outline how microbial classification has changed over time MSC: Remembering
- What did van Leeuwenhoek discover using microscopic observations before and after drinking hot beverages?
| a. | Heat did not kill microbes. |
| b. | Heat killed microbes. |
| c. | Heat did not kill algae. |
| d. | Caffeine in coffee killed microbes. |
| e. | The existence of spiral-shaped microbes. |
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2b Explain why the microscope is an important tool in the field of microbiology | 1.2c Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Analyzing
- Tyndall’s spontaneous generation experiments occasionally failed due to
| a. | nutrient chirality. | d. | lack of oxygen. |
| b. | dust. | e. | endospores. |
| c. | fermentation. | ||
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2d Compare and contrast Spallanzani’s, Pasteur’s, and Tyndall’s experiments that tested spontaneous generation MSC: Analyzing
- The discovery of microbes occurred in the ________ century?
| a. | seventeenth | d. | twentieth |
| b. | eighteenth | e. | twenty-first |
| c. | nineteenth | ||
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2b Explain why the microscope is an important tool in the field of microbiology
MSC: Remembering
- Robert Koch won the Nobel Prize for his contribution to medical bacteriology regarding
| a. | Escherichia coli. | d. | rabies. |
| b. | Bacillus subtilis. | e. | smallpox. |
| c. | Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | ||
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3b List Koch’s postulates
MSC: Remembering
- How did European invaders to North America kill much of the native population?
| a. | tuberculosis | d. | HIV |
| b. | leprosy | e. | bubonic plague |
| c. | smallpox | ||
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2a List both positive and negative impacts that microbes have had on human history
MSC: Understanding
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